Sickle Cell Disease Essay Example For Students

Sickle Cell Disease Essay The genetic disorder I was told to research was the Sickle Cell Disease. I willexplain what mutation causes this disease, the characteristics of it, and whathas developed in the area of gene therapy because of it. The Sickle Cell Diseaseis an inherited disease. The gene for hemogoblin-S (which causes the disease) isthe most common inherited blood condition in America; although most people onlyinherit one copy of the gene for HbS, while the other gene, hemogoblin-A, isnormal, and can override HbS, blocking the disease. These people have the HbStrait, but not the disease, therefore leading a normal life. For an offspring toacquire the disease, both parents must have the HbS gene, yet the child only hasa 25% chance of having Sickle Cells. You cannot catch the disease, you are bornwith it and it is present for life. There are many complications and harmfuleffects as the result of the Sickle Cell Disease. The disease causes hemoglobinin the red blood cells, when it does not receive sufficient oxygen, to form intolong, sickle shapes with a sticky, chemical surface. When blood cells are thisform, they cannot go through the capillaries, blocking off both blood andoxygen. Fortunately only 20% of all red blood cells become Sickle Cells; thesickle cells have a shorter life span; and most blood cells go through thecapillaries before becoming sickle-shaped. The most painful effect known fromSickle Cell Disease are episodes of pain called Sickle Cell Crisis, where thebody is in need of oxygen, either from physical activities or a sickle bloodcell blocking blood passages that lead to organs. The first day is the worst,where devastating pain goes to the arm, leg, and back, along with the shortnessof breath. The other symptoms of Sickle Cells include: strokes, increasedinfections, early gallstones, yellow discoloring of eyes and skin, low bloodcell counts (anemia), and delayed growth. For the cause of the Sickle CellDisease, there has been many research going on in the area of gene therapy. Labsaround the world are trying to fix the basic genetic defect, by placing thecorrect amino acid in the hemogoblin before or shortly after birth. This methodwould result in the cure of the root of the problem. Currently researchers arefinding a safe way to perform this method. To try to ease the pain caused bySickle Cell Disease, a substance that can prevent red blood cells from sicklingwithout causing harm to other parts of the body, hydroxyurea was found to reducethe frequency of severe pain, acute chest syndrome and the need for bloodtransfusions in adult patients with sickle cell disease. Droxia, theprescription form of hydroxyurea, was approved by the FDA in 1998 and is nowavailable for adult patients with sickle cell anemia. Studies will now beconducted to determine the proper dosage for children. The Sickle Cell Diseaseis a state of suffering, yet it is not as serious as it used to be, wherechildren with the disease was not expected to live through childhood. Now withaggressive treatments, victims lives are prolongs and improving its quality;and with the researching completed, a full cure of the disease can be possible.Health Care

Rapid technological change Essay Example

Rapid technological change Essay Rapid technological change and the globalization of economic activity is re-structuring the North American economy, and with it the nature and future of work in Canada. There is now a clear, though barely-articulated question as to whether secure, full-time, adequately-waged employment will be available to much of the North American workforce, at least over the next 30-60 years, or whether jobless growth, under-employment and contingent employment will become the norm, as is increasingly the trend in other industrialized nations. Canada has shifted towards a knowledge- based economy, reflecting an upward trend across most industries with the explosive growth of the information and communications technology sector over the past decade. This transition has been a long and continuous process, crossing all provinces and the urban-rural sectors, with a general increase in the importance of skills, knowledge and human capital among many types of firms and establishments. In fact, the proportion of knowledge workers increased steadily over the last three decades, reflecting a growth trend that began long before the high-tech boom of the  1990s (Beckstead, 2003). Many organizations struggle to build the leadership capacity that they need to thrive in the ever-changing global business environment. Canadians revealed a pervasive anxiety about such issues as joblessness, under- and over-employment, conflicts between work and family, workplace inequalities, retiring with dignity, and jobs for youth.   At the same time, they indicated that they want more from their working lives not only economic security and a decent standard of living, but opportunities for personal development and the fulfilment that comes with making a contribution to society. Canadians want personal rewards from work other than just decent pay and economic stability (Lu, 1999). To address this concern, corporations must introduce quality improvement programs to critically assess the directions in which work seems to be headed, and determine how they can meet the aspirations that individual Canadians have for their work life. It is therefore necessary to give higher priorit y to improving the quality of work for it will have numerous benefits for individual workers since the characteristics of our jobs and work environments determines our quality of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Rapid technological change specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rapid technological change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rapid technological change specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This viewpoint finally addresses the contradictions and inconsistencies in the management rhetoric usually presented through public debates. Although Canadians received high marks from the United Nations for their high quality of life, questionable points as to the quality of work have still emerged throughout the decades. It is true that perceptions of job insecurity may have risen in the 1990s, but one can argue that this was not a permanent development but rather linked with high unemployment and downsizing and these fears have since abated with the fall in unemployment. Indeed, I believe that a case can be made that there is a strong long-term upward trend in job quality, although subject to short-to-medium term reversals because of negative cyclical developments. Factors behind this trend include the mechanization of the workplace, which reduced drudgery and industrial accidents, the employment shift from the goods sector to the service sector, and the concentration of net emplo yment growth in professional and managerial occupations. In order to motivate their workers, employees must provide a pleasant environment that motivates its subordinates- considering their growth and welfare in every endeavor. But what constitutes a high- quality workplace? Perhaps it would be a lot easier to describe a good place of work by using a poor agency as a starting point. When we ask the employees of such a site they answer by mentioning unclear responsibilities, no feedback, unfairness in wages, promotions and dismissals, no opportunity for personal development, poor physical environment, in brief a place characterized by uncertainty, hostility and fear. In contrast, a high quality workplace is one that meets employees needs and delivers results for the employer (Lowe, 2000). It is one where people are treated with respect, have good communications, do interesting work that gives a sense of accomplishment, have supportive co-workers, have ample opportunity to develop their skills, and can balance work and life. The knowledge-driven economy has brought with it a major transformation—jobs involving the most complex type of interactions make up the fastest-growing segment in many industries (Bennett, 1990). As a result, formal learning once or twice a year doesn’t provide the experience or knowledge that workers require. There needs to be a significant shift of budgets and resources from formal learning settings to informal situations where the majority of learning actually takes place. This interactive presentation will examine current trends and include case studies from the public and private sectors about how smart organizations are using communities of practice. All instances of successful development are ultimately the collective result of individual decisions by entrepreneurs to invest in risky new ventures and try out new things. In labour circles, there has been growing awareness of the problems posed by a globalizing economy working in concert with technological innovation in the workplace. I then turn to the more difficult question of how one thinks about appropriate strategies for administrative building. Making the quality of work a higher priority requires a fundamental shift in management thinking. Employees need to be treated as assets rather than costs and managers need a long-term vision of how people development will pay off. To work methodically in improving workplace quality all links must hold, in the long chain from management policy, through the administration system, programs and processes, all the way out to the individual employee. This kind of quality assurance of management requires a complete and consistent structure , and it must be possible to measure present status and improvements. What are required, though, are a dedicated top management and great patience and persistence in the implementation phase. A substantial and permanent improvement of workplace quality is a long project, but quite possible to achieve, without exceptional extra cost. The end result is an executive management that is satisfied with the performance, quality and capacity for change of their organization. Employees experience a work-place characterized by security, fairness, participation, cooperation and opportunities to grow. Managers have the challenging tasks they seek and feel the right balance of independence and support. To achieve this goal, workers must use a collaborative approach to solving workplace problems. This framework must be based on the fundamental principle that joint efforts by employees, their unions and management will improve the quality of services delivered. Consultation, co-development and collective bargaining are all appropriate mechanisms for the creation of win win solutions to workplace concerns. To help bring about this basic change from an adversarial to a more joint problem solving approach requires the rebuilding of trust and a willingness on both sides to explore different approaches in short what is often referred to as a cultural change. Such change, while difficult, is nevertheless possible. It can be encouraged by revising and modernizing the system and by providing for a single redress system for individual workplace complaints throughout the system and by establishing a new agency to assist the parties in finding mutually acceptable solutions in collective bargaining. A good, stable and productive labour management regime should be the foundation to good human resources management in a unionized environment. The employees in Canadas public service and broader public sector are almost completely represented by certified bargaining agents, a situation that we do not expect to change. Finding a way to build effective working relationships between unions and management thus becomes a key public policy issue.

College Placement Essay Sample - How to Write One

College Placement Essay Sample - How to Write OneWhen it comes to writing a college placement essay sample, all writing students should follow. The writer can expect an effective essay if he or she follows these tips. Students should always put more focus on the details of the essay rather than the structure.As a student, your essay is most likely your most important part of the coursework. Your essay is the one thing that will make or break the grade you get. Writing an excellent college placement essay sample requires time and attention. If you don't have enough time to spend writing essays, it's time to get some help. There are many online colleges that can help students write high quality college essay.As you are preparing for college entrance exams, writing essays is one of the most important parts of the process. Having a good college placement essay sample is very important. Without one, students will find it hard to find a job. But with high quality college placement essay sa mples, students will have an easier time finding a job.College essay writers can make a huge difference by creating a really great college placement essay samples. Online schools have provided us with the opportunity to write for the test. It is true that writing tests have improved over the years, but there is no guarantee that we can score as well as in the past. As a writer, you should always remember to write well.However, you don't have to be a professional writer to create great college placement essay samples. It's also possible to get high quality college essay samples without being a professional writer. You can also achieve the same result as a professional writer by just getting a few free samples to work with. You can always upgrade your writing skills and get better college placement essay samples later on if you follow the advice above.By doing a little research, you can find a lot of helpful information on how to create high quality college placement essay samples. Th e first thing that you need to do is to find good samples. There are plenty of free online samples available. Students can easily find a bunch of essays online that they can study. They will be able to see examples of high quality essays from different people.Just as a student needs to learn how to make use of his or her own skills, he or she also needs to learn how to use those skills to create high quality college essay samples. It is very important to take note of your skills and apply them to create high quality college essay samples. You can expect that you will not be able to do well if you just keep repeating the same mistakes over again. As a student, you must always focus on improving your skills in order to succeed.Keep in mind that when it comes to writing college placement essays, your skills can come in handy in coming up with some good college essay samples. An effective essay requires you to pay close attention to detail and to organize your thoughts in a logical mann er. You should also apply certain skills. With a little bit of effort, students can come up with high quality college essay samples.

How Creative Limitations Help You Do Better Work

How Creative Limitations Help You Do Better Work Going in for the creative kill is easier if you have boundaries. (See #2 below) This is the story of creative limitations and an MM dispenser. I was a K-12 art teacher at a public school, and it was the end of the year. The middle school students werent interested in doing much other than plan for summer vacation. I had a cupboard full of partially used art supplies, lots of scraps of materials and items from the years art projects, and restless kids on my hands. Id finished up my lesson plans, and had a week left before school was over. We are going to do an exercise in limitation, I said. I had a table in the center of the classroom piled with bits of paper, popsicle sticks, string, plastic, mat board, glue, paints, cloth, and a mish-mash of items. Id basically cleaned out the cupboard and found quite a collection of seemingly useless garbage. Your final project will be made out of just what you see here. Nothing else. I gave them the specifics: they had to create something that had the potential to make noise, include movement of some sort, and had good design qualitites (this was an art class, after all). On the final day of class, they would demonstrate their machine. It didnt matter how they approached this project; I had no limitations on size or complexity or even simplicity. The only rule was that they had to make it here, in the classroom, with nothing but what was on that table, and they could not use more than five types of items. They could not bring in anything from home or outside the classroom. There were groans and thats impossible! and I waved my hand and told them to get started.  And then a voice called out from the back. Miss Neidlinger, you have to do it to. Its only fair. I immediately regretted the arbitrary limitations I had created. 1. Creative Limitations Give You More Time For content creators, the main limitation you face with your content is that of time. You have deadlines, and feel the pain that comes from struggling within the boundary of time.  In fact, if time is such an onerous boundary, why would I suggest you should have more boundaries? This is why: creating arbitrary limitations will give you more time. I watched as the students worked on their projects. We only had a few days, and I saw how, once they got past the horror of limitation, they actually worked much faster than they had on other projects. There was no distraction: this was all they had to work with, there was a specific outcome expected. Without limitations, there is too much too choose from. You waste time trying to figure out what to use and where to go. Boundaries give you that time back by doing that for you and letting you get down to the business of creating. Its like having a niche blog: you put stringent restrictions on what youll blog about and maybe it isnt as much fun all   of the time, but you dont have to waste time finding focus. You know what youll be writing about, you know what to think about, you know what kinds of ideas you should focus on. Instead of the whole universe of ideas to consider, you have a few in your hand. Are you lacking in boundaries for your content creation? Set up some limitations on yourself. Editorial calendars, with their advance planning, are a kind of limitation. Go even further. Maybe youll want to: Set up content limitations. Only write how-to posts on Mondays, or base a post around a photo you took this week. Open a random book, like George Harrison, and use a random phrase to build a piece of content on. Set up work-time limitations. Restrict the amount of time you work on specific projects. Our bodies work in ultradian rhythms, and after 90 minutes of work on the same thing, we max out on doing our best work. When you have limitations, you have more time. Your creativity loves this.2. Creative Limitations Give You More Freedom Watching the students work on the project was a great deal of fun as a teacher. Id already experienced enough this is dumb commentary throughout the years previous art projects, but this restrictive project seemed to have really gotten them excited. Though theyd never admit it, it was clear they were having much more fun with this project that had a specifically defined outcome than they did facing a blank piece of paper with endless possibilities. While studying art history in college, I was much less interested in extremely modern art than I was in older art. When all the boundaries and rules were removed and anything goes was the name of the game, I felt that the art suffered. The older art, still working in the constructs of even a vague sense of realism, space, color, etc. was much more intriguing. The artists used the rules and boundaries and were able toif you took the time to really dig into a painting or sculptureachieve something quite complex and multi-layered. They pushed those boundaries to the limit and came out with a polished diamond. How is it that having a boundary makes you freer, creatively?  I often think of it as a pasture at the edge of a dangerous cliff. When there is a fence in place, you can freely explore the pasture, not having to think about falling off the edge. You know that the fence will keep you from going over, and you are more free with that boundary in place. Without the fence, you would huddle towards the middle of the pasture, always making sure you didnt get too close to the edge. You might explore a little bit, but you keep it close and safe. You will explore closer to the edge creatively and push the limits if you have a boundary in place than you would if you had no boundaries at all. Limitations and rules make you more creative, not less.3. Limitations Force You To Create One of the biggest disappointments Id seen that year in my art classes was students who turned in lackluster work when I knew they had so much more ability. The broader and bigger and more wide-open the project, the more often they seemed to leave it to the last or never really put in an effort.  When I finally gave them a very restrictive project, they jumped on it. I was extremely impressed with what I was seeing the students create. The fewer resources or options you have, the more you are forced to actually be creative. You have to come up with something that isnt the first and most obvious solution. You have to be creative to solve the problem; you cant fall back on laziness or whatever is easiest. The most terrifying day in college? When it was my turn to give an impromptu speech in speech class. Biggest feeling of satisfaction and intellectual rush in college? Same day. There is something incredibly invigorating in facing down the challenge of a complex problem, extreme limitations, and finding that your creative pump can, indeed, be primed into action. It strengthens your creative muscles. You learned you can do it and how to get the creativity flowing. Each time you do it, it isnt as hard. You learn how to do it again. Once youve solved an impossible problem with limited options, you start to learn the process to get things going again. Its not as scary, because you know you did it before, and know how you got going. You create a system. Necessity is the mother of invention. English Proverb Those catchy and endearing Dr. Seuss books?  They were written with restrictions. Green Eggs And Ham was written on a bet that Theodor Seuss Geisel (Dr. Seuss) couldnt write a book using no more than 50 words. The result? He won the bet, of course, and wrote a fun book that children still love to read.

Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14YearOlds

[3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](existence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs. The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation advantages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImports The eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country’s resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emphasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing. The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are necessary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity. Apple Supplier Foxconn Employs 14YearOlds [3] The theory of internalization itself is based on the transaction cost theory. [3] This theory says that transactions are made within an institution if the transaction costs on the free market are higher than the internal costs. This process is called internalization. [3] For Dunning, not only the structure of organization is important. 3] He added 3 more factors to the theory:[3] Ownership advantages[1] (trademark, production technique, entrepreneurial skills, returns to scale)[2] Ownership specific advantages refer to the competitive advantages of the enterprises seeking to engage in Foreign direct investment (FDI). The greater the competitive advantages of the investing firms, the more they are likely to engage in their foreign production. [4] Location advantages [5](existence of raw materials, low wages, special taxes or tariffs)[2] Locational attractions refer to the alternative countries or regions, for undertaking the value adding activities of MNEs. The more the immobile, natural or created resources, which firms need to use jointly with their own competitive advantages, favor a presence in a foreign location, the more firms will choose to augment or exploit their O specific advantages by engaging in FDI. [4] Internalization advantages (advantages by own production rather than producing through a partnership arrangement such as licensing or a joint venture)[2] Firms may organize the creation and exploitation of their core competencies. The greater the net benefits of internalizing cross-border intermediate product markets, the more likely a firm will prefer to engage in foreign production itself rather than license the right to do so. [4] Source: Dunning (1981)[6]Categories of advantages Ownership advantagesInternalization advantagesLocation advantages Form of market entry Licensing[1] YesNoNo Export YesYesNo FDI YesYesYes [edit]Theory The idea behind the Eclectic Paradigm is to merge several isolated theories of international economics in one approach. 1] Three basic forms of international activities of companies can be distinguished: Export, FDI and Licensing. [1] The so-called OLI-factors are three categories of advantages, namely the ownership advantages, locational advantages and internalization advantages. [1] A precondition for international activities of a company are the availability of net ownership advantages. These advantages can both be material and immaterial. The term net ownership advantages is used to express the advantages that a company has in foreign and unknown markets. 1] According to Dunning two different types of FDI can be distinguished. While resource seeking investments are made in order to establish access to basic material like raw materials or other input factors, market seeking investments are made to enter an existing market or establish a new market. [1] A closer distinction is made by Dunning with the terms efficiency seeking investments, strategic seeking investments and support investments. [1] Trade and FDI patterns for industries and countries. [7]Location advantages StrongWeak Ownership advantagesStrongExportsOutward FDI WeakInward FDIImports The eclectic paradigm also contrasts a country’s resource endowment and geographical position (providing locational advantages) with firms resources (ownership advantages). [7] In the model, countries can be shown to face one of the four outcomes shown in the figure above. [7] In the top, right hand box in the figure above firms possess competitive advantages, but the home domicile has higher factor and transport costs than foreign locations. [7] The firms therefore make a FDI abroad in order to capture the rents from their advantages. [7] But if the country has locational advantages, strong local firms are more likely to emphasize exporting. 7] The possibilities when the nation has only weak firms, as in most developing countries, leads to the opposite outcomes. [7] These conditions are similar to those suggested by Porter’s diamond model of national competitiveness. [7] [edit]Application in practice In dependence of the categories of advantage there can be chosen the form of the international activity. If a company has ownership advantages like having knowledge about the target market abroad, for example staff with language skills, information about import permissions, appropriate products, contacts and so on, it can do a licensing. The licensing is less cost-intensive than the other forms of internalization. If there are internalization advantages, the company can invest more capital abroad. This can be achieved by export in form of an export subsidiary. The FDI is the most capital intensive activity that a company can choose. According to Dunning, it is considered that locational advantages are necessary for FDI. This can be realized by factories which are either bought or completely constructed abroad. FDI is the most capital intensive form of internalization activity.

Journalism, mass media and communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Journalism, mass media and communication - Essay Example Journalism, mass media and communication In my case my goals coincided with the group’s goal. But there were many who joined us for leisure, for publicity etc, undermining the combined thought of the group. Answer 2: Groups sometimes carry formal rules well stated and expressed. In my case, we decided to wear black shirts to exhibit our protest from our attire and each and every participant was bound to wear it. Although they were provided free of cost. Our demonstration needed emotionally charged expression, although not stated, but every individual portrayed this norm. However our group was leaded by some of the extraordinary individuals to be the best representative of our cause. The rules were clearly stated since the day group formation began and most rules were stated by group leaders like the gathering of all members, timings, location etc. But as the demonstrations began, all the group members of our campus were reflective of our identity. Answer 3: Although norms are suitable group standards, defining roles leads the development of expected behavior pattern of members. In my case, the selection of leaders, and then there assistants was made to define their specific roles within our group. Although the leaders were not mentioned to be the head but they reached that level as we started following them. So they acquired this position due to their innate leadership qualities and played an informal role in our group. The informal roles are categorized into two categories, social and task. Task roles lead the group to its goals while social roles help in bringing cohesiveness among group members. Answer4 One of the ways for classifying groups is their decision making criteria. In our groups mostly used decision making criteria is for running into consensus that involves bringing all members to one point. However, this is not the only method adopted, in cases where consensus is unachievable; majority control is adopted that i s a reflective of democracy. In cases where one of our members has a core competency, group does rely on that member in decision making on that subject. But, the minority control approach has not been applied in any of several groups formed during the course of study. As most of groups I belonged were due to dependency regarding intellectual sharing, therefore, at times the development of group leader diverts decision making towards authority control. Answer5 As group members perform differing roles within the group, the power inherited in these roles may lead to development of political situation within the group. It is well known that those who have any sort of power may influence the behavior of others. Some power is inherited with the position of a group member. For example those given the position of leader automatically develop the feel of being authoritarian over others. Such power is usually considered as legitimate. At times the behavior of other group members can be contro lled due to coercive power. For example, imposing fines on any noncompliance with the group’s norms and rules is a result of exercising coercive power. And if the behavior of others is influenced by providing rewards as a reinforcing technique for desirable consequences, such power results from the positive way of influencing others and usually termed as reward power. The expert power stems from being a

Information Systems in Business Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Systems in Business - Coursework Example Other data such a s population and demographic data that is important for forecasting can be sourced from government institutions and agencies (Paul, 2001). (ii) Data warehousing for Wal- mart will enhance decision making in the company with regards to inventory management, price control and sales monitoring. The data warehouse will provide data on a real time basis that will effectively aide in quick decision making on supply chain management and customer relationship management (Paul, 2001). Data mining which involves extraction and acquisition of data from the relevant sources to be stored in the data warehouse enables the company; to have up to date and real time data from all its retail stores. This allows real time analysis of the data and facilitates decision making that is appropriate for each store based on the data available (Paul, 2001). (iii) ECM applications are basically provides formalized techniques by which an organization can store and its documents, contents records and other content that is related to business processes and transactions. It entails strategies, tools and methods that used throughout (John, 2013). Hierarchical model where data is structured in a hierarchical manner following a sort of sequence exhibiting a tree structure. There is a root that has branches emanating from it. Network data base model that exhibits a many to many relationship. Items in this model can connect to any item in the database creating a network. Most databases that are used on the Mini and Micro computers are normally based on either hierarchical or network database model. Relational database model has data organized in two dimensional tables with rows and columns populated with related data. Most of the Database software packages available on microcomputers (PCs) are of relational model (Graham & David, 2008). Other database structure models used include the multimedia database that